This Sinergia project addresses the questions of how policy evaluation in Switzerland is influenced by the Swiss political system, and how policy evaluation in turn influences the Swiss political system. This topic is of great theoretical significance for political science and public administration theory, because until now, research on the relationship between specific attributes of political systems and the practice and institutionalization of policy evaluation is missing. It is also of great practical relevance, because considerable resources are invested in evaluations each year, and we need to know how to best make use of this investment and how to avoid negative consequences. To link attributes of policy evaluation with policy, polity, and politics in a comprehensive approach is considered as an innovative and fruitful research track. The Swiss political system is ideal for studying this question: Firstly, it has a high degree of internal heterogeneity that allows for within-system comparisons. Secondly, two attributes of the Swiss political system are of special relevance for policy evaluation, namely: federalism and direct democracy. Some scholars claim that federalism increases the demand for evaluations, others argue the opposite, and the same is true for direct democracy. A similar lack of consensus exists with respect to the influence of policy evaluation on the Swiss political system. In addition, a systematic analysis of interdependencies between attributes of the Swiss political system and evaluation is lacking, especially at the subnational level. Therefore, the Sinergia project analyzes these relationships through comparisons at the cantonal level, and by using longitudinal and cross-sectional, inter-policy comparison. In detail, the following four subprojects constitute the Sinergia project: Subproject 1, led by A. Balthasar (University of Lucerne) and F. Varone (University of Geneva), asks about the relevance of policy sector and administrative unit attributes for policy evaluation by comparing twenty cases (1990-2011) in education, health, energy and public transport policy from four cantons and the Federation. Subproject 2, directed by K. Horber-Papazian and L. Mader (both IDHEAP Lausanne), analyzes the reasons for and the consequences of evaluation clauses in federal and cantonal laws. The study consists of a comprehensive survey and analysis of current (2011) obligations to conduct evaluations in all federal and cantonal laws. Subproject 3, managed by F. Sager and V. Friedrich (both University of Berne), concentrates on direct democracy and asks about the use of evaluations in direct democratic campaigns. The focus is on education and health policy at the cantonal and federal level. An extensive survey of all votes at cantonal and federal levels from 1990 to 2011 will be conducted, as well as eight case studies of selected campaigns. Subproject 4, run by T. Widmer and K. Frey (both University of Zurich), analyses the relationships between policy evaluation and parliaments at the cantonal and federal levels by conducting a survey among the about 3’000 members of parliament at both levels. Multi-level data analyses will be conducted, as will a comparison of 27 cases (3 policies from 3 policy sectors (education, health and energy policy) in 3 cantons).
In 2009, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH) commissioned a research consortium composed of four institutions – Sucht Schweiz, Institut für Sucht- und Gesundheitsforschung ISGF, Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Lausanne IUMSP, Institut für Begleit- und Sozialforschung IBSF – with establishing the Addiction Monitoring System in Switzerland (AMIS). AMIS aims at the regular provision of representative population data on the consumption of psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals) and on the individual and social consequences of such consumption. For that purpose, AMIS both draws on already existing data and collects new data. Given that the contract with the research consortium expires in 2014, the SFOPH has commissioned the Department of Political Science of the University of Zurich with an evaluation of AMIS, the results of which are to serve as a basis for negotiating a follow-up contract with the consortium.
There have been few analyses of voting behavior in cantonal parliaments to date. Since 2007, however, the Zurich cantonal parliament has employed an electronic voting system. Though this makes it possible to examine the voting behavior of individual parliamentarians over time, such information has thus far not been used for political science analysis. The proposal here, therefore, is to systematically analyze this electronically recorded data during the 2011 - 2015 and 2015 - 2019 legislative sessions. Concepts and methods previously developed for analyzing parliamentary behavior will be used for evaluating the data. The primary focus is on analyzing the maintenance of party discipline (or ‘upholding the party line’) within parliamentary factions. In other words, the focus is on the ‘coherence’ of voting behavior among members of parliamentary party groupings. The key question is what can explain notable deviations or difficulties in maintaining the party line. The existing literature suggests divergence could be due to individual characteristics of the parliamentarians, aspects or characteristics of the particular issues at hand, or to factors inherent to the parliamentary party groups themselves. Other issues raised in previous research on parliaments will also be addressed.
Swiss municipalities are important actors in the policy domains of housing and elderly people. Hence the success of privately initiated housing project for elderly people depends essentially on the role, the decisions and the policies of municipalities. This study analyzes the role of municipalities in the development process of such projects. More precisely the research investigates 1) the policy instruments municipalities are relying on, 2) how municipalities behave confronted with housing projects initiated by citizens and 3) how municipalities perceive their role as regards such projects.
This project in the framework of the Swiss Electoral Studies (Selects) analyzes the dynamics of the voting decision process in the campaign of the 2011 National Council elections. To this end, the project relies on the rolling cross-section (RCS) component of the Selects study – the first of its kind in the framework of an election campaign in Switzerland. The questions at the centre of this PhD project are how party strategies, media content, and campaign events influence the way in which citizens assess parties and form their voting intention.
In Switzerland, a wide range of political measures promoting gender equality at work are in place. However, this has not resulted in sustainable success in terms of equal payment, career development and the gendered division of labour. The aim of this project is to elaborate knowledge about the dynamics and the interplay of diverse equal opportunity policies in Switzerland. The envisaged findings seek to enhance the ability of political and state actors to adequately conceptualise and coordinate future policies. The project will analyse the genesis and governance of Swiss equal opportunity policies on the federal and cantonal level which aim at the equal participation of men and women in employment. Such policies include the anti-discrimination law, equal opportunity programmes of private and public employers, as well as measures to reconcile work and family life (e.g. public child care). Comparative expertise reports for Germany and Austria complement the study, as all three countries – in principle – have similar gender arrangements. Whereas Switzerland has developed stronger anti-discrimination policies, both other countries focus more on reconciliation. The project maps and classifies existing political initiatives and policy approaches since the 1990s. Selected cases will undergo a more detailed analysis. Research methods include surveys and interviews with stakeholders and experts, document analysis and network analysis.
Many elements of Swiss energy policy are shaped by the principle of subsidarity common to the federalist political system in Switzerland. The resulting diversity in formulation and implementation of energy policies should promote innovative problem solutions and regionally adapted implementation. The focus of this research project is on the factors influencing the patterns of implementation of energy policies in the Swiss cantons. Therefore, the projects investiagtes the determinants of the behaviour of the cantons (as collective actors) in the energy policy domain. This PhD project concentrates on energy policy measures for buildings, where the cantons are in charge of policies for an efficient energy use and for the promotion of renewable energy. In the first part, the project is searching for explanations how innovative policy solutions (in terms of formulation and implementation) are spraeding among the 26 cantons (policy diffusion). In the second part, the processes of policy transfers are in the research focus. Whereas the first part of the project is designed as a complete census of quantitative macro data of all 26 cantons, the second part applies a comparative case study design.
Since 1994, the Swiss federal government has promoted a four-pillar model in drug policy comprising the elements prevention, therapy, harm reduction and law enforcement. Swiss Federal Narcotics Law (Betäubungsmittelgesetz, BetmG), however, limits the competence of the federal government in the area of drug policy to coordinating the activities of federal, cantonal and local authorities (besides responsibilities for information and documentation, research, training of professional staff as well as quality assurance). Policy implementation, in contrast, rests with the cantons. Against this background, the Federal Office of Public Health (Bundesamt für Gesundheit, BAG) has established various coordination mechanisms with a view to ensuring the nationwide diffusion and consolidation of the federal drug policy model, both on strategic and operational levels. For that purpose, INFODROG, the Swiss Office for the Coordination of Addiction Facilities (Schweizerische Koordinations- und Fachstelle Sucht), which is responsible for the pillars of therapy and harm reduction, was established in 2005 as a merger of two formerly independent institutions. So as to facilitate exchange with the cantonal governments and play a more influential part in cantonal policy-making on drug-related affairs, the BAG decided to commission the operation of INFODROG to the Conference of Cantonal Directors of Social Affairs (Sozialdirektorenkonferenz, SODK). In its function as a body of members of the cantonal executives, SODK tends to have a major impact on the strategic direction of social policy-making in the cantons. With the contract between BAG and SODK being up for renewal in early 2009, the present evaluation study (commissioned by BAG) aims at assessing to what extent the contractual relationship was effective in accomplishing its principal objective, i.e. the consolidation of the federal drug policy model in the cantons. It thus follows a summative approach and is to provide BAG with recommendations on whether to continue the contractual relationship with SODK and how to design this relationship in future. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative methods, the study entails five modules: (1) investigation of the interactions between BAG and SODK in the context of the contractual relationship; (2) analysis of the perception of INFODROG by, and its impact on, the 26 Swiss cantons; (3) detailed case studies on the impact of INFODROG on six cantons and two cities; (4) online survey among cantonal addiction facilities; (5) synthesis of results and policy recommendations.
Vor dem Hintergrund der kontrovers geführten Diskussionen um den Bau von Minaretten in der Schweiz sowie im Zusammenhang mit einem Vorstoss aus dem Kantonsrat hat der Regierungsrat des Kantons Zürich eine Studie zur muslimischen Bevölkerung im Kanton Zürich in Auftrag gegeben. Die Studie soll die Thematik ausgehend von staatlichen Tätigkeitsfeldern angehen; eine vertiefte Untersuchung soll in den Feldern Bildung, Gesundheit, Soziales sowie Strafen und Massnahmen erfolgen. Ergänzend werden weitere Themenfelder (Arbeitsmarkt, Lebenssituation im Alter, politische Partizipation etc.) berücksichtigt. Dabei stellen sich Fragen, wie jene nach dem Umfang der muslimischen Bevölkerung, nach der Gewährleistung der Religionsfreiheit, den allenfalls seitens der staatlichen Stellen, der muslimischen Bevölkerung oder anderen Betroffenen auftretenden Problemen und den seitens des Staates getroffenen Vorkehrungen. Die Studie soll die Grundlagen für eine Versachlichung der Diskussion bereitstellen.
The study is aimed at identifying the factors which support a successful development of national strategies, programmes, packages of measures etc. with the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH) and will provide findings and guidelines for the future planning of programme development processes. The research is based mainly on detailed case studies of selected programme development processes in the SFOPH. The case studies consist of a detailed reconstruction of the programme formulation processes with special emphases on the actors involved in the processes and other factors influencing the success of the programme formulation. In addition to a traditional comparative case study design, the research will rely on the Actor Process Event Scheme approach (APES; see pwi-apes.uzh.ch) which allows not only for a graphical analysis of the processes but as well for a comparative social network analysis.